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+<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN" [
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+ <!ENTITY debian "<productname>Debian</productname>">
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+ <!ENTITY dpkg "<command>dpkg</command>">
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+ <!ENTITY dselect "<command>dselect</command>">
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+ <!ENTITY deb "<filename>.deb</filename>">
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+]>
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+<book id="packaging-manual">
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+<bookinfo>
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+ <title>dpkg reference Manual</title>
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+ <edition>draft</edition>
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+ <authorgroup>
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+ <author>
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+ <firstname>Wichert</firstname>
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+ <surname>Akkerman</surname>
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+ <affiliation>
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+ <address>
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+ <email>wichert@deephackmode.org</email>
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+ </address>
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+ </affiliation>
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+ </author>
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+ </authorgroup>
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+ <copyright>
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+ <year>2001</year>
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+ <year>2002</year>
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+ <holder>Wichert Akkerman</holder>
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+ </copyright>
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+
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+ <legalnotice>
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+ <para>
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+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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+ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any
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+ later version published by the Free Software Foundation. There are
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+ no invariant sections. A copy of the license is included in the section
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+ entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
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+ </para>
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+ </legalnotice>
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+</bookinfo>
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+
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+<preface>
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+ <title>Preface</title>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ This manual is a reference to the &debian; package management system.
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ This manual is currently being written based on the previous packaging
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+ manual and as such is a work in progress.
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+ </para>
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+</preface>
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+
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+<chapter id="intro">
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+ <title>Introduction</title>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ The Debian package management system is build up from various seperate
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+ tools that work together form a comprehensive system to manage your
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+ system.
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ This document describes all the tools that used to handle and produce
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+ them as well as the file formats used.
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+ </para>
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+</chapter>
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+
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+
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+<chapter id="diversions">
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+ <title>Managing diversions</title>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ Diversions are a method to instruct &dpkg; to use a different filename
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+ when installing a file. This can be useful to prevent conflicts between
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+ related packages or when a system administator wants to replace a file
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+ with another version.
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ Diversions are specific to either a package or the local system. A
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+ package specific diversion will only divert a file if it does not
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+ belongs to a specific package that was given when the diversion was
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+ created. This allow a package to divert a file from other packages and
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+ replacing them with its own copy. Local diversions are applied to all
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+ packages and can be used by the system administrator.
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <section>
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+ <title>Managing diversions with dpkg-divert</title>
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+
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+ <tip>
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+ <para>
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+ The official documentation for <command>dpkg-divert</command> can always
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+ be found online in the
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+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-divert</refentrytitle>
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+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page.
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+ </para>
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+ </tip>
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+
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+ <section>
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+ <title>Adding new diversions</title>
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+
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+ <para>New options can be added using the <emphasis>--add</emphasis>
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+ option for <command>dpkg-divert</command>. Its syntax is:
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+ </para>
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+
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+ </section>
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+
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+ </section>
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+</chapter>
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+
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+<chapter id="permissions">
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+ <title>Managing file permissions / ownership</title>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ When you install a package &dpkg; will use the ownership and permissions
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+ that are used inside the package. In some situations you might not agree
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+ with those defaults and would like to use other settings. To support this
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+ a feature called statoverrides was introduced in &dpkg; 1.8.0, and an
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+ accompanying tool called <command>dpkg-statoverride</command>.
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <note>
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+ <para>
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+ Even though we use the word file here, this applies to all filesystem
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+ objects that &dpkg; handles, including directories,
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+ devices, etc.
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+ </para>
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+ </note>
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+
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+ <caution>
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+ <para>
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+ If you look at the &dpkg; changelog you will see that statoverrides
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+ were actually added in version 1.7.0. However that version had
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+ some problems both in <command>dpkg-statoverrides</command> which
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+ broke adding and removing of overrides and in &dpkg; itself which
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+ made it only apply overrides to normal files. Both problems
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+ were fixed in version 1.8.0.
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+ </para>
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+ </caution>
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+
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+ <section>
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+ <title>How permissions and ownership are applied</title>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ &dpkg; uses the following logic to determine the ownership and
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+ permissions to use when installing a file:
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <orderedlist>
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+ <listitem><para>Check if there is a statoverride registered for this file
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+ </para></listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem><para>If an override is present use the ownership and permission
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+ specified in the override.</para></listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem><para>If no override is present:</para>
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+
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+ <orderedlist>
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+ <listitem><para>Check if there is a system account with the same name
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+ as the owner used inside the archive. If so use that as owner,
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+ otherwise use the uid as used in the package.
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+ </para></listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem><para>Check if there is a system group with the same name
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+ as the group used inside the archive. If so use that as group,
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+ otherwise use the gid as used in the package.
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+ </para></listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem><para>Use the permissions as used in the package.
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+ </para></listitem>
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+ </orderedlist>
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+ </listitem>
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+ </orderedlist>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ The exact method that &dpkg; uses to set the ownership and permissions
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+ depends on the type of file that is being created:
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <variablelist>
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+ <varlistentry>
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+ <term>regular files</term>
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+ <listitem><para>Created with owner and group set to
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+ <filename>root</filename> and with mode 0. After the data has
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+ been written to the file the ownership and mode are set to their
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+ final values.
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+ </para></listitem>
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+ </varlistentry>
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+
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+ <varlistentry>
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+ <term>FIFOs</term>
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+ <term>character and block devices</term>
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+ <term>directories</term>
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+ <listitem><para>Created with owner and group set to
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+ <filename>root</filename> and with mode 0, and then updated
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+ to set the ownership and mode to their final values.
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+ </para></listitem>
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+ </varlistentry>
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+
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+ <varlistentry>
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+ <term>Hardlinks</term>
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+ <listitem><para>After the link has been made its ownership and
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+ permissions are setup. <emphasis>This means the original file
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+ will also be changed!</emphasis>
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+ </para></listitem>
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+ </varlistentry>
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+ </variablelist>
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+ </section>
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+
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+ <section>
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+ <title>Managing overrides with dpkg-statoverride</title>
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+
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+ <tip>
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+ <para>
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+ The official documentation for <command>dpkg-statoverride</command> can
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+ always be found online in the
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+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dpkg-statoverride</refentrytitle>
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+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page.
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+ </para>
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+ </tip>
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+
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+ <section>
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+ <title>Listing overrides</title>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ You can get a list of all overrides present in the database by using the
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+ <option>--list</option> option:
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <blockquote><para>
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+ <synopsis><command>dpkg-statoverride</command> <option>--list</option> <parameter><glob></parameter></synopsis>
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+</para></blockquote>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ There is an optional glob option that restricts the output from
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+ <option>--list</option> to overrides for files that match the glob
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+ expression.
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+ <para>
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+
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+ <footnote>
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+ <para>
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+ Please see the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle>
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+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> or
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+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
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+ </citerefentry> for a description of glob syntax.
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+ </para>
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+ </footnote>
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+
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+ <example>
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+ <title>Listing overrides</title>
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+ <programlisting>
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+[fog;~]-1# dpkg-statoverride --list
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+root root 0755 /bin/mount
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+root root 0755 /bin/ping
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+[fog;~]-2# dpkg-statoverride --list '*mount*'
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+root root 0755 /bin/mount
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+</programlisting>
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+ </example>
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+ </section>
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+
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+ <section>
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+ <title>Adding new overrides</title>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ New options can be added using the <option>--add</option> option
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+ for <command>dpkg-statoverride</command>. Its syntax is:
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <blockquote><para>
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+ <synopsis><command>dpkg-statoverride</command> <option>--add</option> <parameter><user></parameter> <parameter><group></parameter> <parameter><mode></parameter> <parameter><file></parameter>
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+</synopsis></para></blockquote>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ This will add an override for <filename><file></filename> by
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+ telling &dpkg; to use the user, group and mode given to
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+ <command>dpkg-statoverride</command>. The user and group can be
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+ specified in two ways: either by using the name as found in the
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+ system account database (ie <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>, NIS or
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+ another source configured in
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+ <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename>), or by using a number
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+ prefixed with <computeroutput>#</computeroutput>.
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <example>
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+ <title>Adding an override</title>
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+
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+ <programlisting>
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+
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+[fog;~]-1# ls -l /bin/mount
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+-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 56284 Nov 23 06:14 /bin/mount
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+[fog;~]-2# dpkg-statoverride --add root root 0755 /bin/mount
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+[fog;~]-3# ls -l /bin/mount
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+-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 56284 Nov 23 06:14 /bin/mount
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+</programlisting>
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+ </example>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ Adding an override does not update the file on the filesystem, unless
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+ you also specify the <option>--update</option> option.
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <example>
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+ <title>Adding an override using --update</title>
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+
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+ <programlisting>
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+[fog;~]-1# ls -l /bin/mount
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+-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 56284 Nov 23 06:14 /bin/mount
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+[fog;~]-2# dpkg-statoverride --update --add root root 0755 /bin/mount
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+[fog;~]-3# ls -l /bin/mount
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+-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 56284 Nov 23 06:14 /bin/mount
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+</programlisting>
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+ </example>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ If an override already exists and you want to replace it you can
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+ use the <option>--force</option> to force <command>dpkg-statoverride
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+ </command> to replace the existing override.
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <example>
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+ <title>Replacing an existing override</title>
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+ <programlisting>
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+[fog;~/sources/play/pkg-manual]-1# dpkg-statoverride --add root root 0755 /bin/mount
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+An override for "/bin/mount" already exists, aborting
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+[fog;~/sources/play/pkg-manual]-2# dpkg-statoverride --force --add root root 0755 /bin/mount
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+An override for "/bin/mount" already exists, but --force specified so lets ignore it.
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+[fog;~/sources/play/pkg-manual]-3# dpkg-statoverride --list /bin/mount
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+root root 0755 /bin/mount
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+</programlisting>
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+ </example>
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+ </section>
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+
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+ <section>
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+ <title>Removing overrides</title>
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+ <para>
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+ Overrides can be removed using the <option>--remove</option> option,
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+ which takes a single filename as argument:
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <blockquote><para>
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+ <synopsis><command>dpkg-statoverride</command> <option>--remove</option> <parameter><file></parameter></synopsis>
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+</para></blockquote>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ This will remove the override for <filename><file></filename>
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+ from the database.
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <note>
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+ <para>When an override for a file is removed its ownership and permission
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+ are <emphasis>not</emphasis> restored to the original value.
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+ </para>
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+ </note>
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+
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+ <example>
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+ <title>Removing an override</title>
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+ <programlisting>
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+[fog;~]-1# dpkg-statoverride --list
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+root root 0755 /bin/mount
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+[fog;~]-2# dpkg-statoverride --remove /bin/mount
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+[fog;~]-3# dpkg-statoverride --list
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+[fog;~]-4#
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+</programlisting>
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+ </example>
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+ </section>
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+
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+ </section>
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+</chapter>
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+
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+
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+<chapter id="formats">
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+ <title>File formats</title>
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+ <para>
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+ This chapter describes all the file formats used by the package tools.
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+ All files are text files which you can view and modify using any normal
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+ text editor if needed.
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ Most file formats are based on the RFC822 format, which is best known
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+ as the format used in e-mail headers.
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <section>
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+ <title>RFC822</title>
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+ <para>
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+ A RFC822 style messages consists of one or more blocks, seperated by
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+ null lines (an empty line). Each block is made up of fields. Fields
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+ can be folded over multiple lines by inserting a 'newline whitespace'
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+ pair. This combination is interpreted as a single whitespace.
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <para>
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+ Each fiels s a single line consisting of a field-name and a
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+ field-body, seperated by a colon (:). The field-name is made up
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+ from printable ASCII characters minus the colon. The field-body
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+ may be composed of all ASCII characters except CR or LF (they
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+ are automatically removed when unfolding lines).
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+ </para>
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+
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+ <example>
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+ <title>RFC822 style file</title>
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+
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+ <programlisting>
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+Header: value
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+Description: this is an example of an RFC822 style message
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+
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+Section: new
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+Name: body
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+Description: this is block 2 of the example
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+X-Fortune:
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+ To be excellent when engaged in administration is to be like the North
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+ Star. As it remains in its one position, all the other stars surround it.
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+ -- Confucius
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+</programlisting>
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+ </example>
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+ </section>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <section>
|
|
|
+ <title>changes file</title>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ Bla
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+ </section>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <section>
|
|
|
+ <title>dsc file</title>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ The <filename>.dsc</filename> file describes the source for a Debian
|
|
|
+ package: it contains general information over the source such as the
|
|
|
+ name of the package and which binary package it produces as well as
|
|
|
+ the files that contain the sourcecode.
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ Just like other dpkg datafiles this file is formated using RFC822
|
|
|
+ syntax. In addition the file can signed as an OpenPGP ASCII armored
|
|
|
+ message (see RFC2440). The table below lists the allowed fields
|
|
|
+ in a <filename>.dsc</filename> file. The order used is not important,
|
|
|
+ although <command>dpkg-source</command> will output the fields using
|
|
|
+ the ordering used in the table.
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <table>
|
|
|
+ <title>Fields in a <filename>.dsc</filename> file</title>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="2">
|
|
|
+ <thead>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Field</entry><entry>Description</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ </thead>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Format</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Version of the <filename>.dsc</filename> file format used
|
|
|
+ </entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Source</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Name of the source package</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Version</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Version number of the source</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Binary</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>comma seperated list of binary packages build from this
|
|
|
+ source</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Origin</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Name of the organization that procudes this package
|
|
|
+ </entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Maintainer</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Maintainer of this package</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Uploaders</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Multi-line field with list of people authorized to make
|
|
|
+ uploads of a package (optional)</entry>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Architecture</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Space seperated list of architectures for which package
|
|
|
+ are build from this source</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Standards-Version</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Version of &debian; policy this package is complient
|
|
|
+ with</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Files</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Multi-line field with list of files with the actual source
|
|
|
+ code</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </table>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ The current version of the <filename>.dsc</filename> is 1.0 . The first
|
|
|
+ digit in the version number is the major version. Within a major version
|
|
|
+ the only allowed changes in format are additiong of new fields. This
|
|
|
+ guarantees that tools like <command>dpkg-source</command> will be
|
|
|
+ fully backwards and upwards compatible within a major version.
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ The Files field contains one line for each file that is
|
|
|
+ contains source for this package (only 2 files are supported: a
|
|
|
+ <filename>.tar.gz</filename> file with the (original) source, and
|
|
|
+ an optional <filename>.diff.gz</filename> with Debian changes to the
|
|
|
+ source). Each file description consists of 3 items, seperated by
|
|
|
+ a single space:
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <orderedlist>
|
|
|
+ <listitem><para>A MD5 checksum of the file</para></listitem>
|
|
|
+ <listitem><para>The filesize in bytes</para></listitem>
|
|
|
+ <listitem><para>The filename</para></listitem>
|
|
|
+ </orderedlist>
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <example>
|
|
|
+ <title>modutils .dsc file</title>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <programlisting>
|
|
|
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
|
|
|
+Hash: SHA1
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+Format: 1.0
|
|
|
+Source: modutils
|
|
|
+Version: 2.4.1-1
|
|
|
+Binary: modutils
|
|
|
+Origin: debian
|
|
|
+Maintainer: Wichert Akkerman <wakkerma@debian.org>
|
|
|
+Architecture: any
|
|
|
+Standards-Version: 3.2.0
|
|
|
+Files:
|
|
|
+ 6d69ff476c964e703659d950999e411c 246022 modutils_2.4.1.orig.tar.gz
|
|
|
+ 3de7100460662472404f8a83cccde6da 17219 modutils_2.4.1-1.diff.gz
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
|
|
|
+Version: GnuPG v1.0.4 (GNU/Linux)
|
|
|
+Comment: For info see http://www.gnupg.org
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+iEYEARECAAYFAjpbNIAACgkQPLiSUC+jvC1CFQCePvKBH6qT7/BKXVHCamKXZvZq
|
|
|
+Be8An1QDPcyDFtMddYJw/BwTVphbwzU6
|
|
|
+=Zl3g
|
|
|
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
|
|
|
+</programlisting>
|
|
|
+ </example>
|
|
|
+ </section>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <section>
|
|
|
+ <title>control</title>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <table>
|
|
|
+ <title>Fields in the source section of the <filename>control</filename>
|
|
|
+ file</title>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="2">
|
|
|
+ <thead>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Field</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>required</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Description</entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </thead>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Source</entry><entry>yes</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Name of the source package</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Section</entry><entry>no</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Package category for this package, used by frontends.
|
|
|
+ </entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Priority</entry><entry>no</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Indication of package importance. Legal values are
|
|
|
+ extra, important, optional, required and standard.
|
|
|
+ </entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Maintainer</entry><entry>yes</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Name of the source package</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Standards-Version</entry><entry>no</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Version of &debian; policy this package is complient
|
|
|
+ with</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Build-Depends, Build-Conflicts,
|
|
|
+ Build-Depends-Indep, Build-Conflicts-Indep</entry><entry>no</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Specify demands on the build environment</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Bugs</entry><entry>no</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Name of the source package</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Origin</entry><entry>no</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Name of the source package</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </table>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <table>
|
|
|
+ <title>Fields in the package section of the <filename>control</filename>
|
|
|
+ file</title>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="2">
|
|
|
+ <thead>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Field</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>required</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Description</entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </thead>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Package</entry><entry>yes</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Name of the package</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Architecture</entry><entry>yes</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Space seperated list of architectures for which package
|
|
|
+ are build from this source</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Essential</entry><entry>no</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Indicates if a package is essential to the system
|
|
|
+ </entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Pre-Depends, Depends, Recommends, Suggests, Replaces,
|
|
|
+ Conflicts</entry><entry>no</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Specify relations to other packages</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ <row><entry>Description</entry><entry>yes</entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>Description of the package</entry></row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </table>
|
|
|
+ </section>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <section>
|
|
|
+ <title>diversions</title>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ The <filename>diversions</filename> file contains all the alternatives
|
|
|
+ defined on this system. It is located in the &dpkg; admin directory.
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <note>
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ This is an internal &dpkg; file: do not edit it by hand unless really
|
|
|
+ needed, but use the <command>dpkg-divert</command> tool instead.
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+ </note>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ For each diversion there are 3 lines in the diversions file:
|
|
|
+ <orderedlist>
|
|
|
+ <listitem><para>
|
|
|
+ The name of the file that will be diverted.
|
|
|
+ </para></listitem>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <listitem><para>
|
|
|
+ The filename that the diverted file will be diverted to.
|
|
|
+ </para></listitem>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <listitem><para>
|
|
|
+ The name of the package that made this diversion. If it is a
|
|
|
+ local (ie user) diversion the magic packagename `:' is used
|
|
|
+ instead.
|
|
|
+ </para></listitem>
|
|
|
+ </orderedlist>
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <example>
|
|
|
+ <title>Example <filename>diversions</filename> file</title>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <programlisting>
|
|
|
+/sbin/modprobe
|
|
|
+/sbin/modprobe.orig
|
|
|
+:
|
|
|
+/usr/bin/locate
|
|
|
+/usr/bin/locate.notslocate
|
|
|
+slocate
|
|
|
+</programlisting>
|
|
|
+ </example>
|
|
|
+ </section>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <section>
|
|
|
+ <title>statoverrides</title>
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ This file contains the list of all statoverrides that &dpkg; uses
|
|
|
+ when unpacking packages. It is located in the &dpkg; admin
|
|
|
+ directory. Each line in the file represents one override, and
|
|
|
+ comments are not allowed.
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <note>
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ This is an internal &dpkg; file: do not edit it by hand unless really
|
|
|
+ needed, but use the <command>dpkg-statoverride</command> tool instead.
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+ </note>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ Each line contains 4 items, seperated by whitespace:
|
|
|
+ <orderedlist>
|
|
|
+ <listitem><para>
|
|
|
+ The owner to use. This can be either an accountname that must
|
|
|
+ be present on the system, or a numerical uid. Uids are prefixed
|
|
|
+ with a <computeroutput>#</computeroutput>.
|
|
|
+ </para></listitem>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <listitem><para>
|
|
|
+ The group to use. This can be either a group that must be present on
|
|
|
+ the system, or a numerical gid. Gids are prefixed
|
|
|
+ with a <computeroutput>#</computeroutput>.
|
|
|
+ </para></listitem>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <listitem><para>
|
|
|
+ Mode to use for this file. This is an octal number.
|
|
|
+ </para></listitem>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <listitem><para>
|
|
|
+ The filesystem object (file, directory, device, FIFO or link)
|
|
|
+ to which this override should be applied. Since this is the
|
|
|
+ last item on a line it may contain whitespace.
|
|
|
+ </para></listitem>
|
|
|
+ </orderedlist>
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <example>
|
|
|
+ <title>Example <filename>statoverride</filename> file</title>
|
|
|
+ <programlisting>
|
|
|
+root wheel 04750 /bin/su
|
|
|
+root adm 0750 /var/log/apache
|
|
|
+</programlisting>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ This will tell &dpkg; to do the following:
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <itemizedlist>
|
|
|
+ <listitem><para><filename>/bin/su</filename> is installed owned by
|
|
|
+ user <computeroutput>root</computeroutput> and group
|
|
|
+ <computeroutput>wheel</computeroutput> with mode 04750. This means
|
|
|
+ that only people in the <computeroutput>wheel</computeroutput>
|
|
|
+ group are allowed to run <command>su</command>.
|
|
|
+ </para></listitem>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <listitem><para><filename>/var/log/apache</filename> is installed
|
|
|
+ owned by user <computeroutput>root</computeroutput> and group
|
|
|
+ <computeroutput>adm</computeroutput> with mode 0750. This
|
|
|
+ restricts the ability to view the
|
|
|
+ <productname>apache</productname> to people in the
|
|
|
+ <computeroutput>adm</computeroutput> group by disallowing others
|
|
|
+ to access the <filename>/var/log/apache</filename> directory.
|
|
|
+ </para></listitem>
|
|
|
+ </itemizedlist>
|
|
|
+ </example>
|
|
|
+ </section>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <section>
|
|
|
+ <title>alternatives</title>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ Bla
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+ </section>
|
|
|
+</chapter>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+</book>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<!-- vim: sw=2
|
|
|
+-->
|
Wichert Akkerman