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@@ -1,31 +1,33 @@
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-.TH DPKG 8 "February 2000" "Debian Project" "dpkg suite"
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+.TH DPKG 8 "April 12, 1998" "Debian Project" "dpkg suite"
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.SH NAME
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-dpkg \- medium-level package manager for Debian
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-..
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+dpkg \- a medium-level package manager for Debian
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+
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B dpkg
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[\fIoptions\fP] \fIaction\fP
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-..
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+
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.SH WARNING
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This manual is intended for users wishing to understand \fBdpkg\fP's
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command line options and package states in more detail than that
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provided by \fBdpkg --help\fP.
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-.PP
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+
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It should \fInot\fP be used by package maintainers wishing to
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understand how \fBdpkg\fP will install their packages. The
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descriptions of what \fBdpkg\fP does when installing and removing
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-packages are particularly inadequate.
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-.PP
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-For information about this, please refer to sections regarding the
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-Debian packaging system in the Debian FAQ or the Debian Reference.
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-..
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+packages are particularly inadequate. For detailed information about
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+this, please refer to the \fIPackage Management System\fP topic under
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+\fIdebian-faq\fP in the GNU Info system. For information about
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+creating Debian packages, see the \fIDebian Package Management
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+Tools\fP topic in the same place.
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+
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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\fBdpkg\fP is a medium-level tool to install, build, remove and manage
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-Debian packages. \fBdpkg\fP is
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+Debian packages. The primary and more user-friendly
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+front-end for \fBdpkg\fP is \fBdselect\fP(8). \fBdpkg\fP itself is
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controlled entirely via command line parameters, which consist of exactly
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one action and zero or more options. The action-parameter tells dpkg
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what to do and options control the behavior of the action in some way.
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-.PP
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+
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\fBdpkg\fP can be also be used as a front-end to \fBdpkg-deb\fP.
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The following
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are \fBdpkg-deb\fP actions, and if they are encountered, \fBdpkg\fP
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@@ -41,11 +43,7 @@ just runs \fBdpkg-deb\fP with the parameters given to it:
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\fB--fsys-tarfile\fP.
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.fi
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Please refer to \fBdpkg-deb\fP(1) for information about these actions.
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-.PP
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-Note: the primary and more user-friendly front-end for \fBdpkg\fP is
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-\fBdselect\fP(8). There are other front-ends such as those based on
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-\fBapt\fP(8).
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-..
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+
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.SH INFORMATION ABOUT PACKAGES
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\fBdpkg\fP maintains some usable information about available
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packages. The information is divided in three classes: \fBstates\fP,
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@@ -94,31 +92,37 @@ unless forced to do that with option \fB--force-hold\fP.
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A package marked \fBreinst-required\fP is broken and requires
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reinstallation. These packages cannot be removed, unless forced with
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option \fB--force-reinstreq\fP.
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-..
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+
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.SH ACTIONS
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.TP
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\fBdpkg -i\fP | \fB--install\fP \fIpackage_file\fP...
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Install the package. If \fB--recursive\fP or \fB-R\fP option is
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specified, \fIpackage_file\fP must refer to a directory instead.
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-.PP
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+
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Installation consists of the following steps:
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.br
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+
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\fB1.\fP Extract the control files of the new package.
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.br
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+
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\fB2.\fP If another version of the same package was installed before
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the new installation, execute \fIprerm\fP script of the old package.
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.br
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+
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\fB3.\fP Run \fIpreinst\fP script, if provided by the package.
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.br
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+
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\fB4.\fP Unpack the new files, and at the same time back up the old
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files, so that if something goes wrong, they can be restored.
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.br
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+
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\fB5.\fP If another version of the same package was installed before
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the new installation, execute the \fIpostrm\fP script of the old
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package. Note that this script is executed after the \fIpreinst\fP
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script of the new package, because new files are written at the same
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time old files are removed.
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.br
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+
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\fB6.\fP Configure the package. See \fB--configure\fP for detailed
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information about how this is done.
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.TP
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@@ -131,13 +135,15 @@ directory instead.
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Reconfigure an unpacked package. If \fB-a\fP or \fB--pending\fP is
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given instead of \fIpackage\fP, all unpacked but unconfigured
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packages are configured.
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-.PP
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+
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Configuring consists of the following steps:
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.br
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+
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\fB1.\fP Unpack the configuration files, and at the same time back up
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the old configuration files, so that they can be restored if
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something goes wrong.
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.br
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+
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\fB2.\fP Run \fIpostinst\fP script, if provided by the package.
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.TP
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\fBdpkg -r\fP | \fB--remove\fP | \fB-P\fP | \fB--purge \fP\fIpackage\fP ... | \fB-a\fP | \fB--pending\fP
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@@ -150,20 +156,19 @@ files. If \fB-a\fP or \fB--pending\fP is given instead of a package
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name, then all packages unpacked, but marked to be removed or purged
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in file \fI/var/lib/dpkg/status\fP, are removed or purged,
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respectively.
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-.PP
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+
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Removing of a package consists of the following steps:
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.br
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+
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\fB1.\fP Run \fIprerm\fP script
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.br
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+
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\fB2.\fP Remove the installed files
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.br
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+
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\fB3.\fP Run \fIpostrm\fP script
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.br
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.TP
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-.BI "dpkg -p|--print-avail " package
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-Display details about \fIpackage\fP, as found in
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-\fI/var/lib/dpkg/available\fP.
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-.TP
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\fBdpkg --update-avail\fP | \fB--merge-avail\fP \fIPackages-file\fP
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Update \fBdpkg\fP's and \fBdselect\fP's idea of which packages are
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available. With action \fB--merge-avail\fP, old information is
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@@ -185,17 +190,6 @@ Forget about uninstalled unavailable packages.
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.B dpkg --clear-avail
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Erase the existing information about what packages are available.
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.TP
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-\fBdpkg -l\fP | \fB--list\fP \fIpackage-name-pattern\fP ...
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-List packages matching given pattern. If no \fIpackage-name-pattern\fP
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-is given, list all packages in \fI/var/lib/dpkg/available\fP. Normal
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-shell wildchars are allowed in \fIpackage-name-pattern\fP. (You will
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-probably have to quote \fIpackage-name-pattern\fP to prevent the shell
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-from performing filename expansion. For example, \fBdpkg -l 'libc5*'\fP will list all the package names starting with "libc5".)
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-.TP
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-\fBdpkg -s\fP | \fB--status\fP \fIpackage-name\fP ...
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-Report status of specified package. This just displays the entry in
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-the installed package status database.
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-.TP
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\fBdpkg -C\fP | \fB--audit\fP
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Searches for packages that have been installed only partially on your
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system. \fBdpkg\fP will suggest what to do with them to get them
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@@ -211,14 +205,6 @@ Set package selections using file read from stdin.
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Searches for packages selected for installation, but which for some
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reason still haven't been installed.
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.TP
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-\fBdpkg -L\fP | \fB--listfiles\fP \fIpackage\fP ...
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-List files installed to your system from \fBpackage\fP.
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-However, note that files created by package-specific
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-installation-scripts are not listed.
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-.TP
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-\fBdpkg -S\fP | \fB--search\fP \fIfilename-search-pattern\fP ...
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-Search for a filename from installed packages. All standard shell
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-wildchars can be used in the pattern.
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.TP
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.B dpkg --print-architecture
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Print target architecture (for example, "i386"). This option uses
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@@ -247,7 +233,7 @@ additional options set on the command line, and thru this file descriptor,
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are not reset for subsequent commands executed during the same run.
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.TP
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.B dpkg --help
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-Display the usage instructions.
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+Display a brief help message.
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.TP
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.B dpkg --force-help
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Give help about the \fB--force-\fP\fIthing\fP options.
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@@ -256,14 +242,14 @@ Give help about the \fB--force-\fP\fIthing\fP options.
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Give help about debugging options.
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.TP
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\fBdpkg --licence\fP | \fBdpkg --license\fP
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-Display \fBdpkg\fP copyright and licence information.
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+Display \fBdpkg\fP licence.
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.TP
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\fBdpkg --version\fP
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Display \fBdpkg\fP version information.
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.TP
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\fBdpkg-deb-actions\fP
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See \fBdpkg-deb\fP(1) for more information about the following actions.
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-.PP
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+
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.nf
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\fBdpkg -b\fP | \fB--build\fP \fIdirectory\fP [\fIfilename\fP]
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Build a deb package.
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@@ -284,7 +270,27 @@ See \fBdpkg-deb\fP(1) for more information about the following actions.
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Extract and display the filenames contained by a
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package.
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.fi
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-..
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+
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+.TP
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+\fBdpkg-query-actions\fP
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+See \fBdpkg-query\fP(1) for more information about the following actions.
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+
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+.nf
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+
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+\fBdpkg -l\fP | \fB--list\fP \fIpackage-name-pattern\fP ...
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+ List packages matching given pattern.
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+\fBdpkg -s\fP | \fB--status\fP \fIpackage-name\fP ...
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+ Report status of specified package.
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+\fBdpkg -L\fP | \fB--listfiles\fP \fIpackage\fP ...
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+ List files installed to your system from \fBpackage\fP.
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+\fBdpkg -S\fP | \fB--search\fP \fIfilename-search-pattern\fP ...
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+ Search for a filename from installed packages.
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+\fBdpkg -p\fP | \fB--print-avail\fP \fIpackage\fP
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+ Display details about \fIpackage\fP, as found in \fI/var/lib/dpkg/available\fP.
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+.fi
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+
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+
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+
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.SH OPTIONS
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All options can be specified both on the commandline and in the \fBdpkg\fP
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configuration file \fI/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg\fP. Each line in the configuration
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@@ -320,90 +326,98 @@ debugging values.
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2000 Insane amounts of drivel
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.TP
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\fB--force-\fP\fIthings\fP | \fB--no-force-\fP\fIthings\fP | \fB--refuse-\fP\fIthings\fP
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+
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Force or refuse (\fBno-force\fP and \fBrefuse\fP mean the same thing)
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to do some things. \fIthings\fP is a comma separated list of things
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specified below. \fB--force-help\fP displays a message describing them.
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Things marked with (*) are forced by default.
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-.PP
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+
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\fIWarning: These options are mostly intended to be used by experts
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only. Using them without fully understanding their effects may break
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your whole system.\fP
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-.br
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+
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\fBall\fP:
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Turns on(or off) all force options.
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-.br
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+
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\fBauto-select\fP(*):
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Select packages to install them, and deselect packages to remove them.
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-.br
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+
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\fBdowngrade\fP(*):
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Install a package, even if newer version of it is already installed.
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-.br
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+
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+\fIWarning: At present dpkg does not do any dependency
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+checking on downgrades and therefore will not warn you
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+if the downgrade breaks the dependency of some other
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+package. This can have serious side effects, downgrading
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+essential system components can even make your whole
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+system unusable. Use with care.\fP
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+
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\fBconfigure-any\fP:
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Configure also any unpacked but unconfigured packages on which the current
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package depends.
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-.br
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+
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\fBhold\fP:
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Process packages even when marked "hold".
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-.br
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+
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\fBremove-reinstreq\fP:
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Remove a package, even if it's broken and marked to require
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reinstallation. This may, for example, cause parts of the package to
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remain on the system, which will then be forgotten by \fBdpkg\fP.
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-.br
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+
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\fBremove-essential\fP:
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Remove, even if the package is considered essential. Essential
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packages contain mostly very basic Unix commands. Removing them might
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cause the whole system to stop working, so use with caution.
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-.br
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+
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\fBdepends\fP:
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Turn all dependency problems into warnings.
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-.br
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+
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\fBdepends-version\fP:
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Don't care about versions when checking dependencies.
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-.br
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+
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\fBconflicts\fP:
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Install, even if it conflicts with another package. This is dangerous,
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for it will usually cause overwriting of some files.
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-.br
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+
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\fBconfmiss\fP:
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Always install a missing configuration file. This is dangerous,
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since it means not preserving a change (removing) made to the
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file.
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-.br
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+
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\fBconfnew\fP:
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If a conffile has been modified always install the new version without
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prompting, unless the \fB--force-confdef\fP is also specified, in
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which case the default action is preferred.
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-.br
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+
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\fBconfold\fP:
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If a conffile has been modified always keep the old version without
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prompting, unless the \fB--force-confdef\fP is also specified, in
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which case the default action is preferred.
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-.br
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+
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\fBconfdef\fP:
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If a conffile has been modified always choose the default action. If
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there is no default action it will stop to ask the user unless
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\fB--force-confnew\fP or \fB--force-confold\fP is also been given, in
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which case it will use that to decide the final action.
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-.br
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+
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\fBoverwrite\fP:
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Overwrite one package's file with another's file.
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-.br
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-\fBoverwrite-dir\fP:
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+
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+\fBoverwrite-dir\fP
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Overwrite one package's directory with another's file.
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-.br
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+
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\fBoverwrite-diverted\fP:
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Overwrite a diverted file with an undiverted version.
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-.br
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+
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\fBarchitecture\fP:
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Process even packages with the wrong architecture.
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-.br
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+
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\fBbad-path\fP:
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\fBPATH\fP is missing important programs, so problems are likely.
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-.br
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+
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\fBnot-root\fP:
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Try to (de)install things even when not root.
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-.br
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+
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.TP
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\fB--ignore-depends\fP=\fIpackage\fP,...
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Ignore dependency-checking for specified packages (actually, checking is
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@@ -417,15 +431,15 @@ option.
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Don't read or check contents of control file while building a package.
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This is a \fBdpkg-deb\fP(1) option.
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.TP
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-.B --no-act
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+\fB--no-act\fP | \fB--dry-run\fP | \fB--simulate\fP
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Do everything which is supposed to be done, but don't write any
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changes. This is used to see what would happen with the specified
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action, without actually modifying anything.
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-.PP
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+
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Be sure to give \fB--no-act\fP before the action-parameter, or you might
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end up with undesirable results. (e.g. \fBdpkg --purge foo
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--no-act\fP will first purge package foo and then try to purge package
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---no-act, even though you probably expected it to actually do nothing!)
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+--no-act, even though you probably expected it to actually do nothing)
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.TP
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\fB-R\fP | \fB--recursive\fP
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Recursively handle all regular files matching pattern \fB*.deb\fP
|
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|
@@ -461,7 +475,6 @@ installed.
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\fB--status-fd \fP\fI<n>\fP
|
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|
Send package status info to file descriptor \fI<n>\fP. This can be given
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multiple times. Status updates are of the form `status: <pkg>: <pkg qstate>'.
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-..
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.SH FILES
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.TP
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.I /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg
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@@ -493,7 +506,7 @@ for more information about them:
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.I prerm
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.TP
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.I postrm
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-..
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+
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.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
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.TP
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.B DPKG_NO_TSTP
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@@ -516,20 +529,28 @@ file.
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Set by \fBdpkg\fP to the filename of the newversion of a configuration file
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when you start a shell to examine a changed configuration.
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file.
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-..
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+
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.SH EXAMPLES
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-To list packages containing the string `vi' in their name:
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+To list packages related to the editor vi:
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.br
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\fB dpkg -l '*vi*'\fP
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-.PP
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-To see the entries in \fI/var/lib/dpkg/available\fP on several packages:
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.br
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-\fB dpkg -p base-files login xfree86-common | pager\fP
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-.PP
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-To remove an installed package named "elvis":
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+
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+To see the entries in \fI/var/lib/dpkg/available\fP on two packages:
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+.br
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+\fB dpkg --print-avail elvis vim | less\fP
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+.br
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+
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+To search the listing of packages yourself:
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+.br
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+\fB less /var/lib/dpkg/available\fP
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+.br
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+
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+To remove an installed elvis package:
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.br
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\fB dpkg -r elvis\fP
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-.PP
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+.br
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+
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To install a package, you first need to find it in an archive or
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CDROM. The "available" file shows that the vim package is in section
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"editors":
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@@ -537,12 +558,12 @@ CDROM. The "available" file shows that the vim package is in section
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\fB cd /cdrom/hamm/hamm/binary/editors\fP
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\fB dpkg -i vim_4.5-3.deb\fP
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.br
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-(Note: \fBapt-get\fP(8) is commonly used for this.)
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-.PP
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+
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To make a local copy of the package selection states:
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.br
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\fB dpkg --get-selections >myselections\fP
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-.PP
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+.br
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+
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You might transfer this file to another computer, and install it there
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with:
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.br
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@@ -551,33 +572,24 @@ with:
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Note that this will not actually install or remove anything, but just
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set the selection state on the requested packages. You will need some
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other application to actually download and install the requested
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-packages.
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-.PP
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+packages. For example, run \fBdselect\fP and choose "Install".
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+
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Ordinarily, you will find that \fBdselect\fP(8) provides a more
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convenient way to modify the package selection states.
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-..
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-.SH SEE ALSO
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-.BR dpkg-deb (1),
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-.BR deb (5),
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-.BR deb-control (5),
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-.BR dselect (8),
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-.BR apt (8).
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-..
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-.SH BUGS/RESTRICTIONS
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-dpkg doesn't do any intelligent package ordering on installation.
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.br
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-There is no automatic logging ability in dpkg.
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-.br
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-Depending package relations may sometimes get out of sync on upgrades
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-(e.g. exact dependencies of a library -dev package on the library package).
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-.PP
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-The --no-act option usually gives less information than might be helpful.
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-.br
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-There is no --status information for virtual packages.
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-..
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+.SH SEE ALSO
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+\fBdselect\fP(8),
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+\fBdpkg-deb\fP(1),
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+\fBdeb\fP(5),
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+and
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+\fBdeb-control\fP(5)
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+
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+.SH BUGS
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+
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+\fB--no-act\fP usually gives less information than might be helpful.
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+
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.SH AUTHORS
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.nf
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-\fBdpkg\fP was originally written by Ian Jackson, and later updated by
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-many other people, full list of which you may find in the
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-\fB/usr/share/doc/dpkg/THANKS\fP file.
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+See \fB/usr/share/doc/dpkg/THANKS.gz\fP for the list of people who have
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+contributed to \fBdpkg\fP .
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.fi
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Adam Heath